Hydrocarbon incandescence lamp.



No. 781,317. PATENTED JAN. 31, 1905.

' G. WASHINGTON. HYDROGARBON INOANDBSOENOB LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 8, 1898. RENEWED JAN. 22. 1901.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

.PATENTED JAN. 31, 1905.

G WASHINGTON. HYDROGARBON INGANDESOENGE LAMP.

APPLICATION IILBI) NOV. 8. 1898. RENEWED JAN. 22, 1901.-

A [tarney lm. 1 If .No. 781-,317. -'PATENTED J.AN.31,1905.

G. WASHINGTON.- .HYDROOARBON INGANDESGENGE LAMP.

APPLICATION rum) NOV. 8. 1898. nnnpwnn JAN. 22, 1001,

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WIESSES V @fi gm Mafia llprney 1N VEN T 01? UNITED ST TES Patented January 31, 1905.

,PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE WASHINGTON, OF BROOKLYN, N W YORK. ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO JOSEPH N. PATTERSON, OF DEVON,

PENNSYLVANIA.

HYDROCARBON IN CANDESCE NCE LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 781,317, dated January 31, 1905. Application filed November 8, 1898. Renewed January 22, 1901- gerial No. 4 ,301-

ers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. c I

My invention relates to an improvement in hydrocarbon incandescence lamps; and it consists in the parts and combination of parts, as will be more fully explained,'and pointed out in-the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is I .a view in vertical section of a lamp embody- 6 is 'a top plan view of the base of same.

plan view of the base.

ing my invention. Fig. 2 is a transverse section on the line at of Fig. 1. Fig. 3is atop Fig. 4c is a sectional view of the jet-nozzle. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view ofa modified form. Fig. Fig. 7 is a view on theline y y of Fig. 5. is a vertical sectional View of another modified form. Fig. 9 is a plan of the base thereof. Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional view through the air-inlet pipes, and Figs. 11 and 12 are sectional views of modifications.

1 represents a vaporizing-tube provided at its lower end with a removable plug 2, having a central'longitudinal opening for the passage of a needle-valve, which latter is suitably packed to prevent the escape of any oil. This plug is connected to an oil-cup 3, which latter, together with the needle-valve-actuating mechanism, is fully disclosed in my Patent No. 593,257. The upper end of this vaporizing-tube carries or is directly below the jet-nozzle 1-, which latter has a tapering bore through which the needle-valve 5 passes. Located within thetapering bore and secured to the nozzle is the tube 7 the upper end of;

which latter is sufiiciently large for the passage of the needle-valve, while the lower end closely embraces the needle and prevents to a large extent the upward passage of vapor or oil around the needle. This tube 7 is Fig. 8

tubes. 'nected near their bases by the air-inlet pipes '17, and the outer tube is surrounded by the s1eeve'18 of any approved ornamental design,

provided at its lower end with a flange 8, above which and within the tapering bore of the nozzle is located an asbestos filter 9, andin the side of the tube 7, near the top there'- of, are openings 10. From this it will be seen that the vapor-as it rises is deflected laterally by the flange 8 and passing around same permeates and passes through the asbestos filter and escapes through the perforations in the upper end of the tube. The upper end of the vaporizingtube is secured to the base 11, which latter acts as a heat-accumulating body for heating the vaporizing-tube. Secured to the base 11 is the upwardly-projecting commingling-tube 12, into which the vapor is dis-' charged, and su rrounding the commingling or inner tube. 12 is an outer longer burner-tube '13, carrying the perforated burner-cap 14 at its upper end.

: Connecting the top of the inner or commingling tube and the inner wall of the outer tube is the partition 15, and passing through the inner tube at a point adjacent to the partition'is the pipe 16, the bottom of the portion of the pipe within the inner tube being cut away, as shown, (or perforated,) so as to permit a portion of the mixed air and vapor to pass into the space between the inner and outer The inner and outer tubes are conprovided with air-inlet pipes 19, corresponding in size and position with the air-inlets in the tubes 12 and 13. These pipes 19, carried by the sleeve 18, are connected'at theirinner the small vapor-generating flames which continuously burn in contact with the base 11. The sleeve 18 may also be constructed to carry a chimney and a shade, either or both, and it downwardly toward the base 11.

will be seen that by turning it more or less the air-inlet openlngs 17, leading to the commingling-chamber, are more or less opened or closed, thus operating as a valve for regulating the supply of air to the commingling-chamber.

The vapor as it issues from the vapor-escape nozzle draws in air through the air-openings above described, and the air and vapor thus brought together are commingled and pass upwardly. Part of the mixed air and vapor passes around pipe 16, through the end of the inner tube, and are burned at the perforated cap 14 under and within the mantle 21, while a portion of the mixed air and vapor is deflected bythe pipe 16 into the space between the inner and outer tubes 12 and 13 and passes This base is provided with the jetorifices 22, and the mixed air and vapor escaping through these orifices is burned in direct contact with the base, the flames from the several jets impinging against the flanges 23 and 24, and thus quickly heating the base and maintaining it at such a temperature as to quickly vaporize the oil within the vaporizing-tube. The base is also provided with a depending peripheral flange 25, which latter not only absorbs heat.

but protects the flames from air-drafts and also practically conceals the flames, the lower flange 24 also assisting in concealing the vaporgenerating flames and presenting a large surface is rapidly heated by the flame from the starting-cup.

The vaporization of the oil may be started by heating the generating-tube 1 in any manner; but I prefer to provide the latter with a starting-cup designed to contain suflicient alcohol or oil for the initial heating of the generating or vaporizing tube. After the vapor begins to form part of it, as before explained, passes down to the vapor-escape orifices 22 in the base 11 and is ignited by a torch or by the flame from the starting-cup and in a few seconds heats the base 11 to a temperature suflicient to vaporize the oil therein.

The tendency of the mixed air and vapor is to rise; but when the lamp or heater is burning at its full or approximately full capacity there is a sufficient pressure within the commingling-tube and under the burner-cap to force a portion of the combined air and vapor into the space between the inner and outer tubes and down to the jet-orifices 22 in the base. When, however, the pressure within the commingling-chamber or under the burnercap is reduced by cutting ofl a portion of the supply of vapor to the commingling-chamber, the tendency, as before stated, is for the mixed vapor and air to rise, thus partly cutting off the supply to the jet-orifices in the base, and one object of my invention is to provide a device for deflecting the vapor to the jet-orifices in the base when the pressure is reducedin the commingling-tube, so that the vapor-generating flames are constantly mained and arranged that the closure thereof will i not completely check the flow of vapor, but will permit suflicient to pass to maintain the vapor-generating flames against the base 11, and a pilot or small flame at the top, the flames being wholly extinguished by cut-ting off the supply of oil to the vaporizing-tube. In order, however, to maintain the va 'ior-generating flames when the pressure is reduced, it is necessary to provide means for deflecting the greater portion of the mixed air and vapor to the jet-orifices 22 in the base 11, and this is done in the present instance by the automatic valve 26, located immediately within the upper open end of the'commingling-tube 12 above pipe 16. This valve 26 is simply a thin plate of metal of slightly less diameter than the diameter of the top of the commingling-tube, so that when the valve is in its lowest position, as shown in full lines in Fig. 1, a small proportion of the air and vapor can escape around the periphery thereof, while the greater volume passes through the pipe 16 into the space between the tubes and down to the jet-orifices. The valve is provided centrally with a sleeve 27, mounted on a stem 28, secured to the pipe 16. Hence it will be seen that when the pressure is increased within the commingling-tn be by admitting a greater volume of vapor the valve is elevated by such pressure and the mixed air and vapor permitted to escape to the burner. When the pressure is decreased by shutting off the supply of vapor, the valve 26 drops by gravity and deflects the larger volume to the jet-orifices in the base.

In the construction shown in Fig. 6 I have interposed a casing 27 between the commingling-tube and burner. This casing is closed at its upper end and open at its lower end, and the mixed air and vapor they pass from the commingling or inner tube 12 pass downwardly within the casing 27 and then under the lower edge of same into the outer or burner tube 13. In this device thejet-orilices 22 for the vapor-generating flame are in a plane above the lower end of the casing. Hence it will be seen that a portion of the mixed air and vapor always escapes through the jet-orifices 22 irrespective of the pressure within the commingling-tube. In order, however, to limit or regulate the passage of the air and vapor to the burner, I have provided the ring valve 28. This ring valve rests on the base 11 or within the lower end of the burner-tube and is provided with a depending stem 29, which passes through the sleeve 30, carried by the base. By lifting upon the stem it will be seen that the passage between the casing 27 and burner-tube 13 can be cut off more or less,

thus permitting me to confine, if necessary or deslred, approxlmately all the vapor within the casing 27, sufiicient, however, escaping around the casing to maintain a small or pilot flame at the burner. In this construction the air-pipes 29 pass through the burner, casing,

and commingling-tube.

The construction shown 1n Fig. 8 1s practically the same as that shown in Fig. 1, with the exception that insteadof anautomaticallyoperating valve for deflecting the vapors when 'the'pressure is reduced to the jetorifices in the base-plate I employ a mechanicallyoperated device for accomplishing the same result. In this construction the top of the Secured to a stem 33, passing throughthe burner, is the valve 34. This valve rests under the disk 32 and when raised against the'disk shuts off practically the vapor-supply to the burner, a small opening 35 being provided through the valve for the passage of suflicient vapor to maintain a pilot-flame at the burner. This stem 33 may be'operated by hand, or its lower end may rest on the valve-wheel 36. Hence it will be seen that by turning the needle-valve to reduce'the supply of vapor to the commingling-tube the disk valve will be also moved in a direction to cut 01f the vaporsupply to the burner. V

In Fig. 11 I have dispensed with the outer shield or valve 18, carrying the globe or shade shown in Fig. 1, and have supported the globe or shade on a holder 37, carried by the burner-tube direct, and have also dispensed with the automatic valve for deflecting the vapor and oil to the jet-orifices and have substituted a fixed deflector 38 for deflecting a portion of the vapor and air to the jet-orifices in' the base by obstructing its free passage to the burner. With this device if the pressure should be considerablyreduced by cutting off the supply of vapor to thecommingling-tube all of the vapor could pass around the deflector, thus cutting off the supply to the jet-orifices 22. Hence witha lamp or heater of the character above described it is not always possible to keep the vaporizing-tube continuously heated, as it is with the others described. In this construction the fixed deflector is in the form of aninverted cone suspended from the under side ofthe perforated burner-cap 14. This deflector is located above the commingling-tube. Hence all the mixed air and vapor passes from the commingling-tube, apart of it being deflected downwardly over the upper edge of the tube.

In Fig. 12 I have omitted the valves for regulating the supply of vapor from the coming movable, as in Fig. 1.

mingling-tube to the burner-tube and employ instead thereof a deflecting-ring 39, secured to the burner-tube 13 above the comminglingtube 12.- This ring has an opening of less diameter than the diameter of the commingling-tube, and as its lower face is concaved it will be seenthat the vapor striking there-o .againstwill be deflected downwardly around the commingling-tube and pass from thence into the heating-tubes 40, depending from the base 11. These heating-tubes are'perforated on their sides adjacent the vaporizing-tube, .and theflames therefrom impinge directly upon the vaporizing-tube and are protected from drafts by the bell-shaped hood or shield 41 of the character disclosed in Fig. 1, but which in the present instance is fixed instead of be- This device I have shown arranged as a heater, a support 42 being provided for carrying a vessel 43, and it is evident that the others described and those-to be described instead of being employed for illuminating purposes may be used as heaters.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the v principal features of the lamp or heater are susceptible of use in various forms of lamps or heaters, and hence I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the exact structures herein disclosed, but consider myself at liberty to make such changes and alterations as fairly fall within the spirit and scope of'my invention. r

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is x Y w 1. The combination with a comminglingtube, and a main-burner tube surrounding the latter, of a. vaporizer discharging into the commingling-tube, an auxiliary burner adjacent to the vaporizer for heating the latter, and a devlce movable under varying pressures of the vapor, intermediate the vaporizer and main burner for directing a portion of the vapor to the auxiliary burner.

2. The combination with a commingling or mixing tube, ,a main-burner tube into which the commingling-tube discharges mixed air and vapor, a vaporizing-tube having a discharge-nozzle arranged to discharge its contents into the mixing or commingling tube,

and air pipes or inlets terminating within the commingling-tube, of a main burner connected with the main-burner tube, and an auxil iary burner at the base of the burner-tube and surrounding the discharge end of the vaporizer.

3. The combination with a main-burner tube, an auxilary burner at the base of the main-burner tube,'a heat-absorbing body adjacent to said auxiliary burner, a vaporizer, the discharge end of which is embraced by said heat-absorbing body, and a comminglingtube discharging into the main-burner tube,

of an air-supply tube in a plane above the auxiliary burner and leading to the commingling-tube.

, 4. The combination with a vaporizer, a valve therein and a commingling or mixing tube into which the vapor discharges, of a burner-tube surrounding the comminglingtube and provided at its top with a main burner and at its base with an auxiliary burner for heating the vaporizer, an air-pipe passing through the main-burner tube into the coinmingling-tube, and means fordeflecting a portion of the mixed air and vapor to the auxiliary burner.

5. The combination with a tube to receive oil and provided with a discharge-nozzle, a valve in said tube and a mixing or commingling tube arranged to receive the discharge from said nozzle, of an outer tube or casing surrounding the comminglingtubeand carrying a main burner, an auxiliary burner located adjacent to said discharge-nozzle, an air-inlet pipe passing through the outer tube or casing and into the commingling or mixing tube so as to discharge the air adjacent to the nozzle.

6. The combination with a comminglingtube, a vaporizer, a burner tube or casing surrounding the commingling-tube,a main burner carried by said burner tube or casing, an auxiliary burner at the base of the tube or casing, and an air-pipe leading to the commingling-tube, of a combined globe or shade holder and air inlet valve embracing the burner tube or casing.

7 The combination with a comminglingtube having an opening therein, a burner tube or casing of greater length than the commingling-tube, a partition connecting the top of the commingling-tube and inner wall of the burner-tube, a burner carried by the burnertube, and jet-orifices at the base between the commingling and burner tubes, of a vaporizer discharging into the commingling-tube and an automatic valve located adjacent to the upper open end of the eommingling-tube and acted upon by the pressure within the comminglingtube.

8. The combination with a base, a commingling-tube having an opening therein, a burner-tube extending upwardly from the base, jet-orifices through the base, a partition leading from the top of the commingling-tube to the side of the burner-tube, and an air-pipe leading to the commingling-tube, of a valve adjacent to the open upper end of the commingling-tube for directing a portion of the air and vapor into the space between the two tubes and a valve for regulating the air-supply.

9. The combination with a casing provided with a main burner and an auxiliary burner, a commingling-tube arranged to discharge into said casing and a vaporizer arranged to be heated by the flame from the auxiliary burner and to discharge vapor into said conimingling-tube, of a valve arranged to automatically act when the pressure of vapor decreases in the casing and commingling-tulm, to substantially cut oif the supply of vapor to the main burner.

10. The combination with a vaporizingtube, a commingling-tube connnunicating therewith and a burner-tube communicating with the commingling-tube, of air-inlet tubes communicating with the commingling-chamber, and a shade or globe supporting bracket secured to said tubes.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

Q. S. DRURY, (JrEo. F. DOWNING. 

